Court Liquidation

Understanding Court Liquidation: A Legal Winding-Up Process
A Court Liquidation occurs when a Liquidator is appointed by the Court to wind up (liquidate) a company. A Court Liquidation is commonly instigated by a creditor that has made an application to the Court to liquidate the company due to unpaid debt. In addition, company directors, shareholders and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission are also able to make an application to the Court to liquidate a Company.
This is a key difference between a Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation and a Court Liquidation; whereby an application is submitted to the Court. The most common of the two is a Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation. The role of the Liquidator is much the same in both liquidation processes. The Liquidator’s purpose is to take control of the company and wind up its affairs in an orderly and fair manner to creditors.
It is important to know that if you have unpaid tax debt, the ATO may take recovery actions against your company. This may result in your company being liquidated through an application made to the Court.
If you have company debt and you are unsure of your options, contact our friendly team today for a free confidential consultation.
What is liquidation?
Liquidation (or winding up) is a term used when a company is being wound up. There are three types of Liquidation:
- Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation – insolvent winding up initiated by the Company,
- Court Liquidation – insolvent winding up initiated by a creditor
- Members’ Voluntary Liquidation – solvent winding up
Frequently Asked Questions
A court liquidation is initiated when a judge orders that a liquidator be appointed to wind up a company. A broad range of parties can apply to the court for a wind-up order, but a creditor typically initiates the process because a company is insolvent due to non-payment under a statutory demand.
Once an order is made by the court, control of the company and its assets are placed in the hands of the liquidator, with a view to making an equitable distribution to creditors.
The court liquidation process can be a useful tool in circumstances where a creditor is seeking recovery of an outstanding amount and:
- all other informal avenues of negotiation have been exhausted. Where there are assets in the company that can be used to satisfy the debt, the liquidator will realise these assets and make a distribution to creditors; and/or
- the creditor suspects that some wrongdoing has been conducted by the directors. A court-appointed liquidator has an obligation to investigate and report such wrongdoing to ASIC, which may result in director banning and/or civil or criminal liability. In addition, if assets have been transferred out of the company, a liquidator has the ability to investigate and recover these assets for the benefit of creditors.
In addition, the court liquidation process can also be used where there is a dispute between directors and/or members and a resolution cannot be reached.
A Liquidator is a qualified person that is appointed to wind up a company’s affairs. They are registered through the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and have a responsibility to all creditors.
When a company enters into liquidation, creditors are unable to pursue legal proceedings against the company (unless permitted by the Courts). Once a Liquidator is appointed, creditors are informed through Liquidator’s reports of their rights and the financial position of the company. This includes reporting to creditors on assets, liabilities, the cause of the company’s insolvency and the likelihood of the financial return to creditors (dividends).
Once the Liquidator has performed their investigations into the company’s affairs, sold the assets and paid any Liquidator’s fees, expenses and employee entitlements, the creditors have rights to be paid what is owed to them. This is called a dividend. It is important to note that this does not mean that creditors will receive their full payment of their debt. Creditors will also need to submit a Proof of Debt form to prove how much debt the company owes you.
Employees are terminated when a company has entered the liquidation process. As the company is deemed ‘insolvent’, it means it can no longer pay its debts and its financial obligations to creditors.
Employees are treated in priority over unsecured creditors when it comes to any debts that can be recovered. If there are recoverable funds after liquidator’s fees and expenses are paid, employees have rights to be paid their entitlements. Their entitlements are categorised in a priority order; outstanding wages and superannuation, outstanding leave entitlements, retrenchment or redundancy pay.
After the appointment of a Liquidator, the Directors of a company have no director powers. They must assist the Liquidator in disclosing all properties, assets, books and records and any other records regarding the company’s affairs. A director must provide full disclosure of the company’s affairs to the Liquidator.
After the Liquidator has realised (accounted for and sold) the company’s assets and distributed proceeds back to interested parties. The Liquidator will report back to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). The company will then be deregistered three months after the Liquidator has lodged their final receipts and payments to ASIC.
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When faced with business financial stress, we know things can be daunting. However, under the circumstances you may want to continue trading but don’t know how. Alternatively, you may want to wind up your business affairs or you may just need some advice.
Insolvency Options are the experts you can turn to when you need help.

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