Receivership

What Is Receivership and When Is It Used?
Receiverships generally involve a secured creditor, like a bank or finance company, appointing a receiver to take control of a company’s assets, typically to recover a debt.
The Receiver’s primary role is to protect, collect and sell the company’s assets to recover the debt owed to the secured creditor. A Receiver & Manager is appointed to both manage the business and collect assets.
Receiverships can allow for the company to continue operating while repaying creditors, unlike liquidation, which involves selling assets and closing the company. In doing so, the receiver takes control of the company’s assets, debts and daily activities, potentially managing a business turnaround, or sale of the business as a going concern.
How Court Appointed Receivers Help Resolve Business Disputes
The receiver has a duty to manage the assets in good faith and in the best interest of the company.
Receivership is a form of external administration where the receiver must be a registered liquidator. A receiver may also be appointed by the court, who is appointed to manage and/or realise the assets of a company or individual, usually in the context of insolvency or disputes. The appointment can be made by a court order, often in response to a creditor’s application or to protect the interest of parties involved in a dispute.
Court-appointed receivers’ powers and duties are determined by the specific court order under which they are appointed.
Frequently Asked Questions
A secured creditor of the debtor company appoints the receiver. Their role is to collect and sell the company’s assets to satisfy the debt owed to the secured creditor. This can include the physical assets of a company or an entire business. The receiver will only sell enough of the debtor company’s assets as is necessary to repay the debt owed to the secured creditor. The receiver’s duty is to the secured creditor and not the debtor company or other creditors.
Company directors will continue to hold their positions during receivership. However, the extent of their powers to control the company will depend on the receiver’s power and the particular assets over which they are appointed. For example, a “charge” will generally exist over the company’s business. Once a company has been placed into receivership, control of that business will pass from the director(s) to the receiver. The director(s) of the company have an obligation to provide the receiver with access to the books and records of the company.
A secured creditor has a charge or lien (i.e. a proprietary interest) over a debtor’s property. The secured creditor has the right to sell that property to satisfy the debt the company owes. For example, a bank lending money to a company may require a charge over that company’s assets, and as such, will be a secured creditor.
By comparison, an unsecured creditor is a person or institution who lends money or provides services without obtaining any security over the debtor’s property. As an unsecured creditor takes on considerable risk by not having a charge over a debtor’s property, it is common for them to require a higher rate of interest.
Once a receiver sells the debtor company’s assets, they must distribute those funds, in the order determined by law. That order is ultimately determined by whether the asset being sold is secured by a fixed or a floating charge. The difference between a fixed and floating charge comes down to the debtor’s ability to dispose of the asset. For example, a fixed charge will be used to secure assets such as land, shares and equipment. A floating charge, on the other hand, will be used to secure current and future assets like stock.
Money raised from the sale of assets secured by a fixed charge will be distributed:
- Firstly, to the receiver in payment of his/her costs and fees associated with collecting that money; and
- Secondly, to secured creditors.
Money raised from the sale of assets secured by a floating charge will be distributed:
- Firstly, to the receiver in payment of his/her costs and fees associated with collecting that money;
- Secondly, to particular priority claims such as employee entitlements (including outstanding wages/superannuation, outstanding annual and long service leave, and any retrenchment pay, to be prioritised in this order); and
- Finally, to secured creditors.
Any remaining funds will be paid either to the company or any other external administrator (if applicable). Distribution is made to each class in full before the next class is paid.
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